The primary, independent recommendation for rain gauge density in the United States is from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the Water Environment Federation (WEF). They recommend a rain gauge density of one rain gauge for every 5 to 10 square miles. There are some finer points to consider with rain gauge density when it comes to topography and perhaps the design storm of interest, but Step 1 is having a rain gauge network with a density that meets ASCE and WEF guidelines.