The ADS ECHO can help you judge the timing of I/I by observing the quickness of the flow response and the rate at which the system recovers. ECHOs can also be used to indicate if the system becomes surcharged. However, if the sewer moves into backwater or is restricted in any way the resulting depth increase will be incorrectly interpreted as an I/I response. Also, converting flow depth data to flow rate data using the Manning Equation in the invert channel in a manhole is not reliable above 1/3 or 1/2 pipe depth (spillover to manhole bench). Because of these two issues the data from level monitors are not generally reliable for quantifying RDII or used as devices to subtract upstream flow from downstream flow.
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