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This scattergraph displays data obtained during dry weather from a flow monitor installed in a 27-in sewer just upstream from a 12-in Parshall flume.

The Manning Equation can be applied using three methods, including the Design Method, the Lanfear-Coll Method, and the Stevens-Schutzbach Method. The roughness coefficient used in these methods is often treated as a constant value. However, historical research has shown that the roughness coefficient actually varies as a function of flow depth.

College football games are big-time events in big-time college towns as students, alumni, and fans descend upon campus for a day of spirited festivities. Flow monitoring data from Tallahassee, Florida — home to Florida State University (FSU) — are shown below and provide a glimpse into the world of college football.

The scattergraph show here reveals the presence of a dead dog and a downstream restriction that cause backwater and surcharge conditions.

Most surcharge conditions result from downstream restrictions that reduce sewer capacity.

With attendance of 550,500, the sewer use rate was 4.0 gallons/day/person over the duration of the tournament.

Land use within a particular area can impact the shape of the diurnal pattern.